update

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/Lab2.md

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+# Lab Assignment 2
+
+Name: Joaquin Gottlebe
+Matrikelnummer: 829101
+
+## Question 1
+
+![](maps/ndvi_ndwi.png)
+
+## Question 2
+
+![](maps/surface_temp_b10.png)
+![](maps/surface_temp_b11.png)
+
+The original Raster file included values from -125 C which are not realistic in germany. Also Maximum temperatures from 44 degrees are not common, but could be explainable through realy heat conductiv material on very small areas.
+
+Between Water bodies and land bodies. and also the north and south of the area.
+
+## Question 3
+
+![](maps/true_color.png)
+![](maps/false_color.png)
+
+The main differences of the map are the Bands and their display of it. For example the true color composite consists of band 2,3 and 4 in the order of RGB as 4,3,2. The false color composite consists of band 3,4 and 5 in the order ich which Vegetation is the most visible (5,4,3). 
+
+## Question 4
+
+![](maps/ndvi_chiloe_2013.png)
+![](maps/ndvi_chiloe_2024.png)
+
+I choose this study area because i was on this island Chiloe in Chile for a bit and noticed a lot of National parks and vegeation there and i wanted to know how this changed in these past years. These two images show difference in NDVI between 2013 and 2024 of the island Chiloe in Chile and surroundings. I chose NDVI as it shows the difference in vegetation very well.

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/Makefile

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+.PHONY: all run_scripts
+
+# Path to the Conda environment and scripts
+CONDA_ENV_NAME = gdal_env
+ACTIVATE_SCRIPT = ~/miniforge3/bin/activate
+SCRIPTS = top_of_atmosphere.py ndvi.py ndwi.py
+PANDOC=pandoc
+
+all: run_scripts
+
+run_scripts:
+	@echo "Activating Conda environment and running scripts..."
+	@source $(ACTIVATE_SCRIPT) && conda activate $(CONDA_ENV_NAME) && \
+	python3 toa.py data/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_MTL.txt toa data/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B2.TIF data/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B4.TIF data/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B3.TIF data/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B5.TIF && \
+	python3 toa_radiance.py data/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_MTL.txt toa_radiance data/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B10.TIF data/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B11.TIF && \
+	python3 ndvi.py toa/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B4_toa.TIF toa/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B5_toa.TIF ndvi && \
+	python3 ndwi.py toa/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B3_toa.TIF toa/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B5_toa.TIF ndwi && \
+	python3 surface_temperature.py data/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_MTL.txt toa_radiance/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B10_toa_radiance.TIF toa_radiance/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B11_toa_radiance.TIF surface_temperature && \
+	python3 toa.py data2/LC08_L1TP_233089_20131224_20200912_02_T1_MTL.txt toa2 data2/LC08_L1TP_233089_20131224_20200912_02_T1_B2.TIF data2/LC08_L1TP_233089_20131224_20200912_02_T1_B4.TIF data2/LC08_L1TP_233089_20131224_20200912_02_T1_B3.TIF data2/LC08_L1TP_233089_20131224_20200912_02_T1_B5.TIF && \
+	python3 toa.py data3/LC08_L1TP_233089_20240410_20240419_02_T1_MTL.txt toa3 data3/LC08_L1TP_233089_20240410_20240419_02_T1_B2.TIF data3/LC08_L1TP_233089_20240410_20240419_02_T1_B4.TIF data3/LC08_L1TP_233089_20240410_20240419_02_T1_B3.TIF data3/LC08_L1TP_233089_20240410_20240419_02_T1_B5.TIF && \
+	python3 ndvi.py toa2/LC08_L1TP_233089_20131224_20200912_02_T1_B4_toa.TIF toa2/LC08_L1TP_233089_20131224_20200912_02_T1_B5_toa.TIF ndvi2 && \
+	python3 ndvi.py toa3/LC08_L1TP_233089_20240410_20240419_02_T1_B4_toa.TIF toa3/LC08_L1TP_233089_20240410_20240419_02_T1_B5_toa.TIF ndvi3 && \
+	$(PANDOC) Lab2.md -o rcm01_2425_lab2_gottlebe_829101.pdf

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/false_color_map.py

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+# Cleanup
+project = QgsProject.instance()
+layer_ids = list(project.mapLayers().keys())
+for layer_id in layer_ids:
+    project.removeMapLayer(layer_id)
+
+# Loading B10 Layer
+path_st_b10 = "/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/false_color/false_color.tif"
+st_b10_layer = QgsRasterLayer(path_st_b10, "False Color Composite")
+if not st_b10_layer.isValid():
+    print("st_b10 layer failed to load!")
+else:
+    QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(st_b10_layer)
+    print("st_b10 Layer loaded!")
+
+# Styling Layer
+st_b10_style_path = '/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/styles/false_color.qml'
+if not st_b10_layer.loadNamedStyle(st_b10_style_path):
+    print("Failed to load st_b10 style!")
+else:
+    print("st_b10 style loaded!")
+
+# Load layout
+layout = QgsPrintLayout(project)
+layout.initializeDefaults()
+
+# Map
+map_item = QgsLayoutItemMap(layout)
+map_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(20, 30, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Added space between top and map
+map_item.attemptResize(QgsLayoutSize(200, 150, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Reduced height for better spacing
+map_item.zoomToExtent(st_b10_layer.extent())
+layout.addLayoutItem(map_item)
+
+# Add Coordinate Grid
+grid = map_item.grid()
+grid.setEnabled(True)
+grid.setIntervalX(100000)  # Set interval for grid lines in map units
+grid.setIntervalY(100000)
+grid.setAnnotationEnabled(True)
+grid.setAnnotationPrecision(0)  # Set annotation precision for grid labels
+grid.setFrameStyle(QgsLayoutItemMapGrid.Zebra)  # Optional grid style
+
+# Label
+title_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+title_label.setText("False Color Composite - Lab 2")
+title_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 16))
+title_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignCenter)
+title_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(105, 10, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+title_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(title_label)
+
+# Legend
+legend_item = QgsLayoutItemLegend(layout)
+legend_item.setLinkedMap(map_item)
+legend_item.setTitle("Legend")
+legend_item.setFrameEnabled(True)
+legend_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 30, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Adjusted for better alignment and spacing
+layout.addLayoutItem(legend_item)
+
+# Scalebar
+scalebar_item = QgsLayoutItemScaleBar(layout)
+scalebar_item.setStyle('Single Box')  # Change to 'Single Box' or 'Double Box' for a proper scalebar
+scalebar_item.setLinkedMap(map_item)
+scalebar_item.setUnitLabel('m')  # Add unit label to make it informative
+scalebar_item.setNumberOfSegments(4)  # Specify the number of segments in the scalebar
+scalebar_item.setNumberOfSegmentsLeft(0)  # Segments to the left of zero (if any)
+scalebar_item.setUnitsPerSegment(50000)  # Set distance per segment in map units
+scalebar_item.setFont(QFont('Arial', 10))  # Set font size for better readability
+scalebar_item.setHeight(5)  # Set the height of the scalebar
+scalebar_item.applyDefaultSize()
+scalebar_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(20, 190, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Moved below the map for better organization
+layout.addLayoutItem(scalebar_item)
+
+# North Arrow
+north_arrow_item = QgsLayoutItemPicture(layout)
+north_arrow_item.setPicturePath('/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/styles/north_arrow.svg')
+if not north_arrow_item.picturePath():
+    print("North arrow image failed to load!")
+north_arrow_item.setReferencePoint(QgsLayoutItemPicture.UpperLeft)
+north_arrow_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(30, 40, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Adjusted placement for better visibility
+north_arrow_item.attemptResize(QgsLayoutSize(15, 15, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Increased size for better visibility
+layout.addLayoutItem(north_arrow_item)
+
+# Author
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("Author: Joaquin Gottlebe")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 100, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+# Author
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("Date: 16.11.2025")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 110, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+# Coordinate System
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("CRS: EPSG 32633")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 120, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+
+# Export
+export_path = "/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/maps/false_color.png"
+exporter = QgsLayoutExporter(layout)
+export_result = exporter.exportToImage(export_path, QgsLayoutExporter.ImageExportSettings())
+if export_result != QgsLayoutExporter.Success:
+    print("Failed to export map!")
+else:
+    print("Map exported to:", export_path)

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/missfont.log

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+mktextfm ecrm1000
+mktextfm ecrm1000

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/ndvi.py

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+from osgeo import gdal
+import numpy as np
+import sys
+import os 
+import re
+
+def tif_to_array(path):
+    data = gdal.Open(path)
+    if data is None:
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Cannot open file: {path}")
+    band = data.GetRasterBand(1)
+    array = band.ReadAsArray().astype(np.float32)
+    return data, array
+
+def handle_nodata(array):
+    clean_array = np.where((array < 0) | (array > 1), np.nan, array)
+    return clean_array
+
+def ndvi_calc(NIR,RED):
+    ndvi_array = (NIR - RED) / (NIR + RED + 1e-10)
+    return ndvi_array
+
+def save_tif(array,data,output_path):
+    driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('GTiff')
+    rows, cols = array.shape
+    out_data = driver.Create(output_path, cols, rows, 1, gdal.GDT_Float32)
+    out_data.SetGeoTransform(data.GetGeoTransform())
+    out_data.SetProjection(data.GetProjection())
+    out_band = out_data.GetRasterBand(1)
+    out_band.WriteArray(array)
+    out_band.SetNoDataValue(-9999)
+    out_band.FlushCache()
+    out_data = None
+
+def get_output_path(output_dir,input_path):
+    basename = os.path.basename(input_path)
+    basename_no_ext = os.path.splitext(basename)[0]
+    basename_no_ext = re.sub(r'_B[1-9]|_B10|_B11', '', basename_no_ext)
+    path = os.path.join(output_dir, f"{basename_no_ext}_ndvi.TIF")
+    return path
+
+def print_min_max(array, label):
+    print(label," Min:", np.nanmin(array), " Max:",np.nanmax(array))
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) != 4:
+        print("Usage: python3 script.py <red_band_path> <nir_band_path> <output_directory>")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    red_path = sys.argv[1]
+    nir_path = sys.argv[2]
+    output_dir = sys.argv[3]
+
+    red_data, red_array = tif_to_array(red_path)
+    nir_data, nir_array = tif_to_array(nir_path)
+    red_array = handle_nodata(red_array)
+    nir_array = handle_nodata(nir_array)
+
+    ndvi_array = ndvi_calc(nir_array, red_array)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
+        os.makedirs(output_dir)
+
+    output_path = get_output_path(output_dir,red_path)
+
+    save_tif(ndvi_array, red_data, output_path)
+
+    print_min_max(red_array, "RED")
+    print_min_max(nir_array, "NIR")
+    print_min_max(ndvi_array, "NDVI")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/ndvi_map.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# Cleanup
+project = QgsProject.instance()
+layer_ids = list(project.mapLayers().keys())
+for layer_id in layer_ids:
+    project.removeMapLayer(layer_id)
+
+# Loading NDVI Layer
+path_ndvi = "/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/ndvi3/LC08_L1TP_233089_20240410_20240419_02_T1_toa_ndvi.TIF"
+ndvi_layer = QgsRasterLayer(path_ndvi, "NDVI")
+if not ndvi_layer.isValid():
+    print("NDVI layer failed to load!")
+else:
+    QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(ndvi_layer)
+    print("NDVI Layer loaded!")
+
+# Styling NDVI Layer
+ndvi_style_path = '/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/styles/ndvi.qml'
+if not ndvi_layer.loadNamedStyle(ndvi_style_path):
+    print("Failed to load NDVI style!")
+else:
+    print("NDVI style loaded!")
+
+# Load layout
+layout = QgsPrintLayout(project)
+layout.initializeDefaults()
+
+# Map
+map_item = QgsLayoutItemMap(layout)
+map_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(20, 30, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Added space between top and map
+map_item.attemptResize(QgsLayoutSize(200, 150, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Reduced height for better spacing
+map_item.zoomToExtent(ndvi_layer.extent())
+layout.addLayoutItem(map_item)
+
+# Add Coordinate Grid
+grid = map_item.grid()
+grid.setEnabled(True)
+grid.setIntervalX(100000)  # Set interval for grid lines in map units
+grid.setIntervalY(100000)
+grid.setAnnotationEnabled(True)
+grid.setAnnotationPrecision(0)  # Set annotation precision for grid labels
+grid.setFrameStyle(QgsLayoutItemMapGrid.Zebra)  # Optional grid style
+
+# Label
+title_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+title_label.setText("NDVI Chiloe 2024 - Lab 2")
+title_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 16))
+title_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignCenter)
+title_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(105, 10, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+title_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(title_label)
+
+# Legend
+legend_item = QgsLayoutItemLegend(layout)
+legend_item.setLinkedMap(map_item)
+legend_item.setTitle("Legend")
+legend_item.setFrameEnabled(True)
+legend_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 30, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Adjusted for better alignment and spacing
+layout.addLayoutItem(legend_item)
+
+# Scalebar
+scalebar_item = QgsLayoutItemScaleBar(layout)
+scalebar_item.setStyle('Single Box')  # Change to 'Single Box' or 'Double Box' for a proper scalebar
+scalebar_item.setLinkedMap(map_item)
+scalebar_item.setUnitLabel('m')  # Add unit label to make it informative
+scalebar_item.setNumberOfSegments(4)  # Specify the number of segments in the scalebar
+scalebar_item.setNumberOfSegmentsLeft(0)  # Segments to the left of zero (if any)
+scalebar_item.setUnitsPerSegment(50000)  # Set distance per segment in map units
+scalebar_item.setFont(QFont('Arial', 10))  # Set font size for better readability
+scalebar_item.setHeight(5)  # Set the height of the scalebar
+scalebar_item.applyDefaultSize()
+scalebar_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(20, 190, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Moved below the map for better organization
+layout.addLayoutItem(scalebar_item)
+
+# North Arrow
+north_arrow_item = QgsLayoutItemPicture(layout)
+north_arrow_item.setPicturePath('/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/styles/north_arrow.svg')
+if not north_arrow_item.picturePath():
+    print("North arrow image failed to load!")
+north_arrow_item.setReferencePoint(QgsLayoutItemPicture.UpperLeft)
+north_arrow_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(30, 40, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Adjusted placement for better visibility
+north_arrow_item.attemptResize(QgsLayoutSize(15, 15, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Increased size for better visibility
+layout.addLayoutItem(north_arrow_item)
+
+# Author
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("Author: Joaquin Gottlebe")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 100, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+# Author
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("Date: 16.11.2025")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 110, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+# Coordinate System
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("CRS: EPSG 32633")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 120, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+
+# Export
+export_path = "/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/maps/ndvi_chiloe_2024.png"
+exporter = QgsLayoutExporter(layout)
+export_result = exporter.exportToImage(export_path, QgsLayoutExporter.ImageExportSettings())
+if export_result != QgsLayoutExporter.Success:
+    print("Failed to export map!")
+else:
+    print("Map exported to:", export_path)

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/ndvi_ndwi_map.py

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+# Cleanup
+project = QgsProject.instance()
+layer_ids = list(project.mapLayers().keys())
+for layer_id in layer_ids:
+    project.removeMapLayer(layer_id)
+
+# Loading NDVI Layer
+path_ndvi = "/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/ndvi/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_toa_ndvi.TIF"
+ndvi_layer = QgsRasterLayer(path_ndvi, "NDVI")
+if not ndvi_layer.isValid():
+    print("NDVI layer failed to load!")
+else:
+    QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(ndvi_layer)
+    print("NDVI Layer loaded!")
+
+# Loading Additional Layer
+path_overlay = "/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/ndwi/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_toa_ndwi.TIF"  # Replace with your actual layer path
+ndwi_layer = QgsRasterLayer(path_overlay, "NDWI")
+if not ndwi_layer.isValid():
+    print("NDWI layer failed to load!")
+else:
+    QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(ndwi_layer)
+    print("NDWI Layer loaded!")
+
+# Styling NDVI Layer
+ndvi_style_path = '/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/styles/ndvi.qml'
+if not ndvi_layer.loadNamedStyle(ndvi_style_path):
+    print("Failed to load NDVI style!")
+else:
+    print("NDVI style loaded!")
+
+ndwi_style_path = '/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/styles/ndwi.qml'
+if not ndwi_layer.loadNamedStyle(ndwi_style_path):
+    print("Failed to load NDWI style!")
+else:
+    print("NDWI style loaded!")
+
+# Reference system (optional, uncomment if needed)
+# crs = QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem("EPSG:4326")
+# crsSrc = QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem("EPSG:32633")
+# crsDest = QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem("EPSG:4326")
+
+# Load layout
+layout = QgsPrintLayout(project)
+layout.initializeDefaults()
+
+# Map
+map_item = QgsLayoutItemMap(layout)
+map_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(20, 30, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Added space between top and map
+map_item.attemptResize(QgsLayoutSize(200, 150, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Reduced height for better spacing
+map_item.zoomToExtent(ndvi_layer.extent())
+layout.addLayoutItem(map_item)
+
+# Add Coordinate Grid
+grid = map_item.grid()
+grid.setEnabled(True)
+grid.setIntervalX(100000)  # Set interval for grid lines in map units
+grid.setIntervalY(100000)
+grid.setAnnotationEnabled(True)
+grid.setAnnotationPrecision(0)  # Set annotation precision for grid labels
+grid.setFrameStyle(QgsLayoutItemMapGrid.Zebra)  # Optional grid style
+
+# Label
+title_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+title_label.setText("NDVI & NDWI - Lab 2")
+title_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 16))
+title_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignCenter)
+title_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(105, 10, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+title_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(title_label)
+
+# Legend
+legend_item = QgsLayoutItemLegend(layout)
+legend_item.setLinkedMap(map_item)
+legend_item.setTitle("Legend")
+legend_item.setFrameEnabled(True)
+legend_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 30, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Adjusted for better alignment and spacing
+layout.addLayoutItem(legend_item)
+
+# Scalebar
+scalebar_item = QgsLayoutItemScaleBar(layout)
+scalebar_item.setStyle('Single Box')  # Change to 'Single Box' or 'Double Box' for a proper scalebar
+scalebar_item.setLinkedMap(map_item)
+scalebar_item.setUnitLabel('m')  # Add unit label to make it informative
+scalebar_item.setNumberOfSegments(4)  # Specify the number of segments in the scalebar
+scalebar_item.setNumberOfSegmentsLeft(0)  # Segments to the left of zero (if any)
+scalebar_item.setUnitsPerSegment(50000)  # Set distance per segment in map units
+scalebar_item.setFont(QFont('Arial', 10))  # Set font size for better readability
+scalebar_item.setHeight(5)  # Set the height of the scalebar
+scalebar_item.applyDefaultSize()
+scalebar_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(20, 190, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Moved below the map for better organization
+layout.addLayoutItem(scalebar_item)
+
+# North Arrow
+north_arrow_item = QgsLayoutItemPicture(layout)
+north_arrow_item.setPicturePath('/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/styles/north_arrow.svg')
+if not north_arrow_item.picturePath():
+    print("North arrow image failed to load!")
+north_arrow_item.setReferencePoint(QgsLayoutItemPicture.UpperLeft)
+north_arrow_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(30, 40, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Adjusted placement for better visibility
+north_arrow_item.attemptResize(QgsLayoutSize(15, 15, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Increased size for better visibility
+layout.addLayoutItem(north_arrow_item)
+
+# Author
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("Author: Joaquin Gottlebe")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 100, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+# Author
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("Date: 16.11.2025")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 110, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+# Coordinate System
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("CRS: EPSG 32633")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 120, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+
+# Export
+export_path = "/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/maps/ndvi_ndwi.png"
+exporter = QgsLayoutExporter(layout)
+export_result = exporter.exportToImage(export_path, QgsLayoutExporter.ImageExportSettings())
+if export_result != QgsLayoutExporter.Success:
+    print("Failed to export map!")
+else:
+    print("Map exported to:", export_path)

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/ndwi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+from osgeo import gdal
+import numpy as np
+import sys
+import os
+import re
+
+
+def tif_to_array(path):
+    data = gdal.Open(path)
+    if data is None:
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Cannot open file: {path}")
+    band = data.GetRasterBand(1)
+    array = band.ReadAsArray().astype(np.float32)
+    return data, array
+
+
+def handle_nodata(array):
+    clean_array = np.where((array < 0) | (array > 1), np.nan, array)
+    return clean_array
+
+
+def ndwi_calc(GREEN, NIR):
+    ndwi_array = (GREEN - NIR) / (GREEN + NIR + 1e-10)
+    return ndwi_array
+
+
+def save_tif(array, data, output_path):
+    driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('GTiff')
+    rows, cols = array.shape
+    out_data = driver.Create(output_path, cols, rows, 1, gdal.GDT_Float32)
+    out_data.SetGeoTransform(data.GetGeoTransform())
+    out_data.SetProjection(data.GetProjection())
+    out_band = out_data.GetRasterBand(1)
+    out_band.WriteArray(array)
+    out_band.SetNoDataValue(-9999)
+    out_band.FlushCache()
+    out_data = None
+
+
+def get_output_path(output_dir, input_path):
+    basename = os.path.basename(input_path)
+    basename_no_ext = os.path.splitext(basename)[0]
+    basename_no_ext = re.sub(r'_B[1-9]|_B10|_B11', '', basename_no_ext)
+    path = os.path.join(output_dir, f"{basename_no_ext}_ndwi.TIF")
+    return path
+
+
+def print_min_max(array, label):
+    print(label, " Min:", np.nanmin(array), " Max:", np.nanmax(array))
+
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) != 4:
+        print("Usage: python3 script.py <green_band_path> <nir_band_path> <output_directory>")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    green_path = sys.argv[1]
+    nir_path = sys.argv[2]
+    output_dir = sys.argv[3]
+
+    green_data, green_array = tif_to_array(green_path)
+    nir_data, nir_array = tif_to_array(nir_path)
+    green_array = handle_nodata(green_array)
+    nir_array = handle_nodata(nir_array)
+
+    ndwi_array = ndwi_calc(green_array, nir_array)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
+        os.makedirs(output_dir)
+
+    output_path = get_output_path(output_dir, green_path)
+
+    save_tif(ndwi_array, green_data, output_path)
+
+    print_min_max(nir_array, "NIR")
+    print_min_max(green_array, "GREEN")
+    print_min_max(ndwi_array, "NDWI")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/surface_temperature.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import sys
+import os
+from osgeo import gdal
+import numpy as np
+import math
+
+def load_metadata(metadata_path):
+    K_CONSTANTS = {}
+    with open(metadata_path, "r") as file:
+        metadata_lines = file.readlines()
+        for line in metadata_lines:
+            if "K1_CONSTANT_BAND_10" in line or "K2_CONSTANT_BAND_10" in line or \
+               "K1_CONSTANT_BAND_11" in line or "K2_CONSTANT_BAND_11" in line:
+                variable, value = line.split(" = ")
+                K_CONSTANTS[variable.strip()] = float(value.strip())
+    return K_CONSTANTS
+
+def load_band(band_path):
+    band_data = gdal.Open(band_path)
+    band = band_data.GetRasterBand(1)
+    band_array = band.ReadAsArray().astype(np.float32)
+    no_data_value = band.GetNoDataValue()
+    band_array = np.where(band_array == no_data_value, np.nan, band_array)
+    return band_data, band_array
+
+def calculate_surface_temperature(band_array, K1_CONSTANT, K2_CONSTANT):
+    epsilon = 1e-10
+    result_array = (K2_CONSTANT / np.log((K1_CONSTANT / (band_array + epsilon)) + 1)) - 273.15
+    return result_array
+
+def save_result(output_directory, band_path, result_array, band_data):
+    if not os.path.exists(output_directory):
+        os.makedirs(output_directory)
+    driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('GTiff')
+    rows, cols = result_array.shape
+    band_filename = os.path.basename(band_path)
+    output_filename = os.path.splitext(band_filename)[0] + '_surfacetemp.TIF'
+    output_path = os.path.join(output_directory, output_filename)
+    out_data = driver.Create(output_path, cols, rows, 1, gdal.GDT_Float32)
+    out_data.SetGeoTransform(band_data.GetGeoTransform())
+    out_data.SetProjection(band_data.GetProjection())
+    out_band = out_data.GetRasterBand(1)
+    out_band.WriteArray(result_array)
+    out_band.SetNoDataValue(0)
+    out_band.FlushCache()
+    out_data = None
+
+def main():
+    metadata_path = sys.argv[1]
+    band_paths = {
+        'BAND_10': sys.argv[2],
+        'BAND_11': sys.argv[3]
+    }
+    output_directory = sys.argv[4]
+
+    # Load metadata
+    K_CONSTANTS = load_metadata(metadata_path)
+    print(K_CONSTANTS)
+
+    # Process each band
+    for band_key, band_path in band_paths.items():
+        # Load band
+        band_data, band_array = load_band(band_path)
+        
+        # Get K1 and K2 constants
+        K1_CONSTANT = K_CONSTANTS[f'K1_CONSTANT_{band_key}']
+        K2_CONSTANT = K_CONSTANTS[f'K2_CONSTANT_{band_key}']
+
+        # Calculate surface temperature
+        result_array = calculate_surface_temperature(band_array, K1_CONSTANT, K2_CONSTANT)
+
+        # Save the result
+        save_result(output_directory, band_path, result_array, band_data)
+
+        # Print min and max of the arrays
+        print(f"{band_key} Min, Max:", np.nanmin(band_array), np.nanmax(band_array))
+        print(f"{band_key} Surface Temp Min, Max:", np.nanmin(result_array), np.nanmax(result_array))
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/surface_temperature_map.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# Cleanup
+project = QgsProject.instance()
+layer_ids = list(project.mapLayers().keys())
+for layer_id in layer_ids:
+    project.removeMapLayer(layer_id)
+
+# Loading B10 Layer
+path_st_b10 = "/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/surface_temperature/LC08_L1TP_193023_20170602_20170615_01_T1_B11_toa_radiance_surfacetemp.TIF"
+st_b10_layer = QgsRasterLayer(path_st_b10, "Surf. Temp. B11")
+if not st_b10_layer.isValid():
+    print("st_b10 layer failed to load!")
+else:
+    QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(st_b10_layer)
+    print("st_b10 Layer loaded!")
+
+# Styling Layer
+st_b10_style_path = '/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/styles/surface_temperature.qml'
+if not st_b10_layer.loadNamedStyle(st_b10_style_path):
+    print("Failed to load st_b10 style!")
+else:
+    print("st_b10 style loaded!")
+
+# Load layout
+layout = QgsPrintLayout(project)
+layout.initializeDefaults()
+
+# Map
+map_item = QgsLayoutItemMap(layout)
+map_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(20, 30, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Added space between top and map
+map_item.attemptResize(QgsLayoutSize(200, 150, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Reduced height for better spacing
+map_item.zoomToExtent(st_b10_layer.extent())
+layout.addLayoutItem(map_item)
+
+# Add Coordinate Grid
+grid = map_item.grid()
+grid.setEnabled(True)
+grid.setIntervalX(100000)  # Set interval for grid lines in map units
+grid.setIntervalY(100000)
+grid.setAnnotationEnabled(True)
+grid.setAnnotationPrecision(0)  # Set annotation precision for grid labels
+grid.setFrameStyle(QgsLayoutItemMapGrid.Zebra)  # Optional grid style
+
+# Label
+title_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+title_label.setText("Surace Temperautre B11 - Lab 2")
+title_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 16))
+title_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignCenter)
+title_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(105, 10, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+title_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(title_label)
+
+# Legend
+legend_item = QgsLayoutItemLegend(layout)
+legend_item.setLinkedMap(map_item)
+legend_item.setTitle("Legend")
+legend_item.setFrameEnabled(True)
+legend_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 30, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Adjusted for better alignment and spacing
+layout.addLayoutItem(legend_item)
+
+# Scalebar
+scalebar_item = QgsLayoutItemScaleBar(layout)
+scalebar_item.setStyle('Single Box')  # Change to 'Single Box' or 'Double Box' for a proper scalebar
+scalebar_item.setLinkedMap(map_item)
+scalebar_item.setUnitLabel('m')  # Add unit label to make it informative
+scalebar_item.setNumberOfSegments(4)  # Specify the number of segments in the scalebar
+scalebar_item.setNumberOfSegmentsLeft(0)  # Segments to the left of zero (if any)
+scalebar_item.setUnitsPerSegment(50000)  # Set distance per segment in map units
+scalebar_item.setFont(QFont('Arial', 10))  # Set font size for better readability
+scalebar_item.setHeight(5)  # Set the height of the scalebar
+scalebar_item.applyDefaultSize()
+scalebar_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(20, 190, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Moved below the map for better organization
+layout.addLayoutItem(scalebar_item)
+
+# North Arrow
+north_arrow_item = QgsLayoutItemPicture(layout)
+north_arrow_item.setPicturePath('/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/styles/north_arrow.svg')
+if not north_arrow_item.picturePath():
+    print("North arrow image failed to load!")
+north_arrow_item.setReferencePoint(QgsLayoutItemPicture.UpperLeft)
+north_arrow_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(30, 40, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Adjusted placement for better visibility
+north_arrow_item.attemptResize(QgsLayoutSize(15, 15, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Increased size for better visibility
+layout.addLayoutItem(north_arrow_item)
+
+# Author
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("Author: Joaquin Gottlebe")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 100, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+# Author
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("Date: 16.11.2025")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 110, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+# Coordinate System
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("CRS: EPSG 32633")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 120, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+
+# Export
+export_path = "/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/maps/surface_temp_b11.png"
+exporter = QgsLayoutExporter(layout)
+export_result = exporter.exportToImage(export_path, QgsLayoutExporter.ImageExportSettings())
+if export_result != QgsLayoutExporter.Success:
+    print("Failed to export map!")
+else:
+    print("Map exported to:", export_path)

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/toa.py

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+from osgeo import gdal
+import numpy as np
+import sys
+import os
+import re
+import math
+
+def tif_to_array(path):
+    data = gdal.Open(path)
+    if data is None:
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Cannot open file: {path}")
+    band = data.GetRasterBand(1)
+    array = band.ReadAsArray().astype(np.float32)
+    return data, array
+
+def handle_nodata(array):
+    # Replace only negative values with NaN
+    clean_array = np.where(array < 0, np.nan, array)
+    return clean_array
+
+def reflectance_calc(array, reflectance_mult, reflectance_add, sun_elevation):
+    # Debugging print statements
+    print(f"Reflectance Mult: {reflectance_mult}, Reflectance Add: {reflectance_add}, Sun Elevation: {sun_elevation}")
+    print(f"Array Sample Before: {array[:5, :5]}")  # Print a small portion of the array for inspection
+    
+    result = ((array * reflectance_mult) + reflectance_add) / math.sin(math.radians(sun_elevation))
+    
+    # Debugging print statements
+    print(f"Array Sample After: {result[:5, :5]}")  # Print a small portion of the result for inspection
+    return result
+
+def save_tif(array, data, output_path):
+    driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('GTiff')
+    rows, cols = array.shape
+    out_data = driver.Create(output_path, cols, rows, 1, gdal.GDT_Float32)
+    out_data.SetGeoTransform(data.GetGeoTransform())
+    out_data.SetProjection(data.GetProjection())
+    out_band = out_data.GetRasterBand(1)
+    out_band.WriteArray(array)
+    out_band.SetNoDataValue(-9999)
+    out_band.FlushCache()
+    out_data = None
+
+def get_output_path(output_dir, input_path, suffix):
+    basename = os.path.basename(input_path)
+    basename_no_ext = os.path.splitext(basename)[0]
+#    basename_no_ext = re.sub(r'_B[1-9]|_B10|_B11', '', basename_no_ext)
+    path = os.path.join(output_dir, f"{basename_no_ext}_{suffix}.TIF")
+    return path
+
+def print_min_max(array, label):
+    print(label, " Min:", np.nanmin(array), " Max:", np.nanmax(array))
+
+def get_reflectance_params(band_number, metadata_lines):
+    reflectance_mult = None
+    reflectance_add = None
+    for line in metadata_lines:
+        if f"REFLECTANCE_MULT_BAND_{band_number}" in line:
+            variable, value = line.split(" = ")
+            reflectance_mult = float(value.strip())
+        if f"REFLECTANCE_ADD_BAND_{band_number}" in line:
+            variable, value = line.split(" = ")
+            reflectance_add = float(value.strip())
+    if reflectance_mult is None or reflectance_add is None:
+        raise ValueError(f"Reflectance parameters not found for band {band_number} in metadata.")
+    return reflectance_mult, reflectance_add
+
+def process_bands(band_paths, metadata_path, output_dir):
+    # Read metadata
+    with open(metadata_path, "r") as file:
+        metadata_lines = file.readlines()
+
+    # Extract sun elevation
+    sun_elevation = None
+    for line in metadata_lines:
+        if "SUN_ELEVATION" in line:
+            variable, value = line.split(" = ")
+            sun_elevation = float(value.strip())
+            break
+
+    if sun_elevation is None:
+        raise ValueError("Sun elevation not found in metadata.")
+
+    # Debugging sun elevation value
+    print(f"Sun Elevation: {sun_elevation}, Sun Elevation Radians: {math.radians(sun_elevation)}")
+
+    # Process each band
+    for band_path in band_paths:
+        band_number = int(re.search(r'_B(\d+)', band_path).group(1))
+        data, array = tif_to_array(band_path)
+        array = handle_nodata(array)
+
+        # Get reflectance parameters for the band
+        reflectance_mult, reflectance_add = get_reflectance_params(band_number, metadata_lines)
+
+        # Calculate reflectance for the band
+        reflectance = reflectance_calc(array, reflectance_mult, reflectance_add, sun_elevation)
+
+        # Create output directory if it doesn't exist
+        if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
+            os.makedirs(output_dir)
+
+        # Save Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance for the band
+        output_path = get_output_path(output_dir, band_path, f"toa")
+        save_tif(reflectance, data, output_path)
+
+        # Print min and max for the reflectance band
+        print_min_max(reflectance, f"Band {band_number} Reflectance")
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) < 4:
+        print("Usage: python3 script.py <metadata_path> <output_directory> <band_paths...>")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    metadata_path = sys.argv[1]
+    output_dir = sys.argv[2]
+    band_paths = sys.argv[3:]
+
+    process_bands(band_paths, metadata_path, output_dir)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/toa_radiance.py

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+from osgeo import gdal
+import numpy as np
+import sys
+import os
+import re
+import math
+
+def tif_to_array(path):
+    data = gdal.Open(path)
+    if data is None:
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Cannot open file: {path}")
+    band = data.GetRasterBand(1)
+    array = band.ReadAsArray().astype(np.float32)
+    return data, array
+
+def get_radiance_params(band_number, metadata_lines):
+    radiance_mult = None
+    radiance_add = None
+    for line in metadata_lines:
+        if f"RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_{band_number}" in line:
+            _, value = line.split(" = ")
+            radiance_mult = float(value.strip())
+        if f"RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_{band_number}" in line:
+            _, value = line.split(" = ")
+            radiance_add = float(value.strip())
+    if radiance_mult is None or radiance_add is None:
+        raise ValueError(f"Radiance parameters not found for band {band_number} in metadata.")
+    return radiance_mult, radiance_add
+
+def save_tif(array, data, output_path):
+    driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('GTiff')
+    rows, cols = array.shape
+    out_data = driver.Create(output_path, cols, rows, 1, gdal.GDT_Float32)
+    out_data.SetGeoTransform(data.GetGeoTransform())
+    out_data.SetProjection(data.GetProjection())
+    out_band = out_data.GetRasterBand(1)
+    out_band.WriteArray(array)
+    out_band.SetNoDataValue(-9999)
+    out_band.FlushCache()
+    out_data = None
+
+def get_output_path(output_dir, input_path, suffix):
+    basename = os.path.basename(input_path)
+    basename_no_ext = os.path.splitext(basename)[0]
+    path = os.path.join(output_dir, f"{basename_no_ext}_{suffix}.TIF")
+    return path
+
+def print_min_max(array, label):
+    print(label, " Min:", np.nanmin(array), " Max:", np.nanmax(array))
+
+def process_bands(bands, metadata_path, output_dir):
+    # Read metadata
+    with open(metadata_path, "r") as file:
+        metadata_lines = file.readlines()
+
+    # Extract sun elevation (optional for radiance, included for debugging)
+    sun_elevation = None
+    for line in metadata_lines:
+        if "SUN_ELEVATION" in line:
+            _, value = line.split(" = ")
+            sun_elevation = float(value.strip())
+            break
+
+    # Debugging sun elevation value
+    if sun_elevation is not None:
+        print(f"Sun Elevation: {sun_elevation}, Sun Elevation Radians: {math.radians(sun_elevation)}")
+
+    if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
+        os.makedirs(output_dir)
+
+    # Process each band
+    for band_data in bands:
+        band_number, band_path = band_data[0], band_data[1]
+
+        # Load the band data
+        data, array = tif_to_array(band_path)
+
+        # Get radiance parameters for the band
+        radiance_mult, radiance_add = get_radiance_params(band_number, metadata_lines)
+
+        # Calculate radiance
+        radiance_array = (array * radiance_mult) + radiance_add
+
+        # Save the Top of Atmosphere (TOA) radiance
+        output_path = get_output_path(output_dir, band_path, "toa_radiance")
+        save_tif(radiance_array, data, output_path)
+
+        # Print min and max for the radiance band
+        print_min_max(radiance_array, f"Band {band_number} Radiance")
+
+def main():
+    print(f"Number of arguments received: {len(sys.argv) - 1}")
+    print("Arguments:", sys.argv)
+    if len(sys.argv) < 4:
+        print("Usage: python3 script.py <metadata_path> <output_directory> <band_paths...>")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    metadata_path = sys.argv[1]
+    output_dir = sys.argv[2]
+    band_paths = sys.argv[3:]
+
+    bands = [(int(re.search(r'B(\d+)', path).group(1)), path) for path in band_paths]
+
+    process_bands(bands, metadata_path, output_dir)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/true_color_map.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# Cleanup
+project = QgsProject.instance()
+layer_ids = list(project.mapLayers().keys())
+for layer_id in layer_ids:
+    project.removeMapLayer(layer_id)
+
+# Loading B10 Layer
+path_st_b10 = "/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/true_color/true_color.tif"
+st_b10_layer = QgsRasterLayer(path_st_b10, "True Color Composite")
+if not st_b10_layer.isValid():
+    print("st_b10 layer failed to load!")
+else:
+    QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(st_b10_layer)
+    print("st_b10 Layer loaded!")
+
+# Styling Layer
+st_b10_style_path = '/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/styles/true_color.qml'
+if not st_b10_layer.loadNamedStyle(st_b10_style_path):
+    print("Failed to load st_b10 style!")
+else:
+    print("st_b10 style loaded!")
+
+# Load layout
+layout = QgsPrintLayout(project)
+layout.initializeDefaults()
+
+# Map
+map_item = QgsLayoutItemMap(layout)
+map_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(20, 30, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Added space between top and map
+map_item.attemptResize(QgsLayoutSize(200, 150, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Reduced height for better spacing
+map_item.zoomToExtent(st_b10_layer.extent())
+layout.addLayoutItem(map_item)
+
+# Add Coordinate Grid
+grid = map_item.grid()
+grid.setEnabled(True)
+grid.setIntervalX(100000)  # Set interval for grid lines in map units
+grid.setIntervalY(100000)
+grid.setAnnotationEnabled(True)
+grid.setAnnotationPrecision(0)  # Set annotation precision for grid labels
+grid.setFrameStyle(QgsLayoutItemMapGrid.Zebra)  # Optional grid style
+
+# Label
+title_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+title_label.setText("True Color Composite - Lab 2")
+title_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 16))
+title_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignCenter)
+title_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(105, 10, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+title_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(title_label)
+
+# Legend
+legend_item = QgsLayoutItemLegend(layout)
+legend_item.setLinkedMap(map_item)
+legend_item.setTitle("Legend")
+legend_item.setFrameEnabled(True)
+legend_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 30, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Adjusted for better alignment and spacing
+layout.addLayoutItem(legend_item)
+
+# Scalebar
+scalebar_item = QgsLayoutItemScaleBar(layout)
+scalebar_item.setStyle('Single Box')  # Change to 'Single Box' or 'Double Box' for a proper scalebar
+scalebar_item.setLinkedMap(map_item)
+scalebar_item.setUnitLabel('m')  # Add unit label to make it informative
+scalebar_item.setNumberOfSegments(4)  # Specify the number of segments in the scalebar
+scalebar_item.setNumberOfSegmentsLeft(0)  # Segments to the left of zero (if any)
+scalebar_item.setUnitsPerSegment(50000)  # Set distance per segment in map units
+scalebar_item.setFont(QFont('Arial', 10))  # Set font size for better readability
+scalebar_item.setHeight(5)  # Set the height of the scalebar
+scalebar_item.applyDefaultSize()
+scalebar_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(20, 190, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Moved below the map for better organization
+layout.addLayoutItem(scalebar_item)
+
+# North Arrow
+north_arrow_item = QgsLayoutItemPicture(layout)
+north_arrow_item.setPicturePath('/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/styles/north_arrow.svg')
+if not north_arrow_item.picturePath():
+    print("North arrow image failed to load!")
+north_arrow_item.setReferencePoint(QgsLayoutItemPicture.UpperLeft)
+north_arrow_item.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(30, 40, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Adjusted placement for better visibility
+north_arrow_item.attemptResize(QgsLayoutSize(15, 15, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))  # Increased size for better visibility
+layout.addLayoutItem(north_arrow_item)
+
+# Author
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("Author: Joaquin Gottlebe")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 100, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+# Author
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("Date: 16.11.2025")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 110, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+# Coordinate System
+info_label = QgsLayoutItemLabel(layout)
+info_label.setText("CRS: EPSG 32633")
+info_label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 12))
+info_label.setHAlign(Qt.AlignLeft)
+info_label.attemptMove(QgsLayoutPoint(245, 120, QgsUnitTypes.LayoutMillimeters))
+info_label.adjustSizeToText()
+layout.addLayoutItem(info_label)
+
+
+# Export
+export_path = "/home/huaqo/dev/courses/2024_Remote_Sensing/lab2/maps/true_color.png"
+exporter = QgsLayoutExporter(layout)
+export_result = exporter.exportToImage(export_path, QgsLayoutExporter.ImageExportSettings())
+if export_result != QgsLayoutExporter.Success:
+    print("Failed to export map!")
+else:
+    print("Map exported to:", export_path)