diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index b26b71b..ba84df3 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ C_FLAG_PEDANTIC            = -Wpedantic            # Enforce ISO C standard stri
 C_FLAG_SHADOW              = -Wshadow              # Warn if a local variable shadows another
 C_FLAG_STRICT_PROTOS       = -Wstrict-prototypes   # Warn if function declarations are missing parameter types
 C_FLAG_NO_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS  = -Wno-unknown-pragmas  # Suppress warnings about unknown pragmas
+C_FLAG_DEPS                = -MMD -MP              # Emit per-file header dependency files for incremental rebuilds
 
 C_FLAGS = \
     $(C_FLAG_STD_C99) \
@@ -18,7 +19,12 @@ C_FLAGS = \
     $(C_FLAG_PEDANTIC) \
     $(C_FLAG_SHADOW) \
 	$(C_FLAG_STRICT_PROTOS) \
-    $(C_FLAG_NO_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS)
+    $(C_FLAG_NO_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS) \
+    $(C_FLAG_DEPS)
+
+# BUILD-MODE FLAGS
+RELEASE_FLAGS = -O2
+DEBUG_FLAGS   = -O0 -DDEBUG -fsanitize=address,undefined -fno-omit-frame-pointer
 
 # INCLUDE FLGAS
 INCLUDE_FLAGS = \
@@ -36,28 +42,63 @@ EXTERNAL_FLAGS = \
 # CROSS PLATTFORM
 ifeq ($(OS), Windows_NT)
 	SRC = $(wildcard src\*.c)
-	TARGET = bin\win\game.exe
-	RAYLIB_CFLAGS = -I%RAYLIB% 
+	BIN_DIR = bin\win
+	RAYLIB_CFLAGS = -I%RAYLIB%
 	RAYLIB_LIBS = -L%RAYLIB% -lraylib -lopengl32 -lgdi32 -lwinmm
+	EXE_EXT = .exe
 else
 	SRC = $(wildcard src/*.c)
-	TARGET = bin/unix/game
+	BIN_DIR = bin/unix
 	RAYLIB_CFLAGS = $(shell pkg-config --cflags raylib)
 	RAYLIB_LIBS = $(shell pkg-config --libs raylib) -lm
+	EXE_EXT =
 endif
 
-# CREATE BIN DIR
-$(shell mkdir -p bin/unix bin/win)
+TARGET_RELEASE = $(BIN_DIR)/game$(EXE_EXT)
+TARGET_DEBUG   = $(BIN_DIR)/game-debug$(EXE_EXT)
+
+# PER-FILE OBJECTS (one .o per .c, only stale ones get rebuilt)
+OBJ_DIR_RELEASE = build/release
+OBJ_DIR_DEBUG   = build/debug
+
+OBJS_RELEASE = $(patsubst src/%.c,$(OBJ_DIR_RELEASE)/%.o,$(SRC))
+OBJS_DEBUG   = $(patsubst src/%.c,$(OBJ_DIR_DEBUG)/%.o,$(SRC))
+
+DEPS_RELEASE = $(OBJS_RELEASE:.o=.d)
+DEPS_DEBUG   = $(OBJS_DEBUG:.o=.d)
 
 # COMMANDS
-build: $(SRC)
-	$(COMPILER) $(SRC) -o $(TARGET) \
-	$(C_FLAGS) \
-	$(INCLUDE_FLAGS) \
-	$(RAYLIB_LIBS) 
+build: $(TARGET_RELEASE)
+
+debug: $(TARGET_DEBUG)
+
+$(TARGET_RELEASE): $(OBJS_RELEASE) | $(BIN_DIR)
+	$(COMPILER) $(OBJS_RELEASE) -o $(TARGET_RELEASE) $(RAYLIB_LIBS)
+
+$(TARGET_DEBUG): $(OBJS_DEBUG) | $(BIN_DIR)
+	$(COMPILER) $(DEBUG_FLAGS) $(OBJS_DEBUG) -o $(TARGET_DEBUG) $(RAYLIB_LIBS)
+
+$(OBJ_DIR_RELEASE)/%.o: src/%.c | $(OBJ_DIR_RELEASE)
+	$(COMPILER) $(C_FLAGS) $(RELEASE_FLAGS) $(INCLUDE_FLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+$(OBJ_DIR_DEBUG)/%.o: src/%.c | $(OBJ_DIR_DEBUG)
+	$(COMPILER) $(C_FLAGS) $(DEBUG_FLAGS) $(INCLUDE_FLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+# DIRECTORIES ARE ORDER-ONLY PREREQUISITES SO `clean` CAN REMOVE THEM WITHOUT
+# RACING A CHAINED `build`/`debug` IN THE SAME INVOCATION (e.g. `make clean build`)
+$(OBJ_DIR_RELEASE) $(OBJ_DIR_DEBUG) $(BIN_DIR):
+	mkdir -p $@
+
+-include $(DEPS_RELEASE)
+-include $(DEPS_DEBUG)
 
 clean:
-	rm -rf $(TARGET)
+	rm -rf bin build
 
-run: clean build
-	./$(TARGET)
+run: build
+	./$(TARGET_RELEASE)
+
+run-debug: debug
+	./$(TARGET_DEBUG)
+
+.PHONY: build debug clean run run-debug